青年教育與就業儲蓄帳戶方案之形成及實施成效之初探

An Exploratory Study into the Formation and the Effect of Youth Education and Employment Saving Accounts Program

潘慧玲; 劉青雯
Hui-Ling Wendy Pan; Ching-Wen Liu

Doi:10.3966/181665042019121504003


所屬期刊: 第15卷第4期 「教育心理、輔導與測評」
主編:國立臺灣師範大學科學教育中心副研究員
任宗浩
系統編號: vol059_03
主題: 教育政策與制度
出版年份: 2019
作者: 潘慧玲; 劉青雯
作者(英文): Hui-Ling Wendy Pan; Ching-Wen Liu
論文名稱: 青年教育與就業儲蓄帳戶方案之形成及實施成效之初探
論文名稱(英文): An Exploratory Study into the Formation and the Effect of Youth Education and Employment Saving Accounts Program
共同作者:
最高學歷:
校院名稱:
系所名稱:
語文別:
論文頁數: 30
中文關鍵字: 多元流程取徑; 青年教育與就業儲蓄帳戶方案; 空檔年; 政策之窗
英文關鍵字: Multiple Streams Approach; Youth Education and Employment Savings Accounts Program; Gap Year; Policy Window
服務單位:
稿件字數: 20877
作者專長:
投稿日期: 2019/7/7
論文下載: pdf檔案icon
摘要(中文): 臺灣於2016 年開始規劃「青年教育與就業儲蓄帳戶方案」之實施內涵,為了
解該政策方案,本研究首先以Kingdon(1984, 1995)的多元流程取徑作為分析該
政策方案形成之視角。結果發現在學生直接升學缺少自我探索機會與高教學用落
差的問題流、執政黨透過在行政與立法部門的優勢,營造政治氛圍催生政策的政
治流,以及跨部會網絡資源配套整合的政策流匯聚下,加上政策企業家教育部長
的推力,「青年教育與就業儲蓄帳戶方案」順利產出,於2017 年開始試辦。其次,
本研究針對「青年教育與就業儲蓄帳戶方案」之參與,運用統計數據、文件分析
及訪談,進行探討。結果顯示不管是方案申請人數或是職缺成功媒合人數,皆不
符合預期。而學生選擇職場體驗者遠多於體驗學習,更映照出社會階級問題。最
後基於研究所得,對於政策方案的後續整體評估與改善,提出相關建議。
摘要(英文): It was not until 2016 that Taiwan has started to formulate the Youth Education and Employment Saving Accounts Program. Applying Kingdon’s (1984) multiple streams approach, the study firstly investigates the policy process of the program. The findings indicate that students usually entered universities right after school graduation without
having a chance for self-exploration. And the reform of higher education has led to the dilution of university degrees. These became problem issues for the government. Incorporating different policy communities of administrative ministries, legislative divisions, schools and industries, the ruling party facilitated the program creation. Various projects and accompanying measures were drafted for the program. Playing the role of policy entrepreneur, the minister of education triggered the program. When the aforementioned streams of problem, politics and policy merged, the program thereafter was launched in 2017. Secondly, the study aimed to explore the program participation. Methods such as interviews and analysis of statistics, documents and literature, were employed. The study shows that the program applicants in the workplace did not reach the expected amount. Additionally, the magnitude of students entering the track of workplace was much greater than that of students choosing to continue education. It also revealed the inequalities of social classes. Finally, the implications of the study for the program evaluation and betterment were provided.
參考文獻: 王震武(2002)。升學主義的成因及其社會心理基礎-一個歷史觀察。本土心理
學研究,17,3-65。

李高英(2019)。18 歲先就業政策-「青年就業領航計畫」之省思。立法院議題
研析。取自https://www.ly.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=5249&pid=182090

汪書宇(2018)。升學與就業的過去、現在與未來。臺灣教育評論月刊,7(4),
1-4。

周祝瑛(2008)。臺灣教育怎麼辦?。臺北市:心理。

林大森(2002)。高中- 高職的公立- 私立分流對地位取得之影響。教育與心理研
究,25(1),35-62。

林俊彥(2017)。縮小「學用落差」是產官學共同責任。臺灣教育評論月刊,6
(8),45-48。

林適湖(2011)。臺灣高等教育之發展與省思。教育資料集刊,52,1-21。

國家教育研究院(2018)。中華民國教育年報(民國一○六年)。新北市:作者。

張宜君、林宗弘(2015)。臺灣的高等教育擴張與階級複製:混合效應維續的不
平等。臺灣教育社會學研究,15(2),85-129。

張盈?(2005)。文憑病:重思追求更高的教育作為階級向上流動的迷思。東吳
社會學報,18,1-42。

張瑋珊(2017)。教育部青年教育與就業儲蓄帳戶專區業務簡介。取自https://
www.edu.tw/1013/cp.aspx?n=1CE963C225D893DE&s=FB7AF8400A8FDD09

教育部(2017)。中華民國教育統計(民國106 年版)。臺北市:作者。

教育部(2018a)。青年教育與就業儲蓄帳戶方案(核訂本)。取自https://ws.moe.edu.tw/001/Upload/25/relfile/0/3744/01901fd0-8fcd-41fa-a8d9-9cb632762447.pdf

教育部(2018b)。修正「教育部青年儲蓄帳戶補助要點」。取自https://www.edu.tw/1013/News_Content.aspx?n=B421F3490DA27678&sms=8675D7361543DE23&s=E2B8D97A65D6ECAC

教育部(2019)。高級中等學校應屆畢業生升學就業概況調查(106 學年度)。臺
北市:作者。

教育部電子報小組(2016)。高中職畢業先闖蕩社會 教育部推青年儲蓄帳戶。教
育部電子報,739。取自https://epaper.edu.tw/topical.aspx?topical_sn=950&period_num=739

陳向明(2002)。社會科學質的研究。臺北市:五南。

陳恒鈞(譯)(2001)。J. P. Lester, & J. Jr. Stewart 著。公共政策:演進研究途徑(Public policy:An evolutionary approach)。臺北市:學富。

楊朝祥(2013)。學位通膨、學位貶值。國政評論,財團法人國家政策研究基金
會。取自https://www.npf.org.tw/1/12097

潘慧玲(2003)。社會科學研究典範的流變。教育研究資訊,11(1),115-143。

鄭永志(2016)。十二年國教政策形成研究:多元流程觀點。國立屏東大學學報-
人文社會類,1,95-132。

魯炳炎(2009)。從多元流程觀點談蘇花高興建決策之議程設定與政策選擇。東
吳政治學報,27(4),171-240。

賴世剛、郭修謙、游凱為(2018)。空間垃圾桶模式外在效度之實證檢驗:以臺
北市為例。都市與計畫,45(1)1-24。

Ansell, N. (2008). Third world gap year projects: Youth transitions and the mediation of risk. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 26(2), 218-240.

Beames, S. (2004). Overseas youth expeditions with raleigh international: A rite of passage? Australian Journal of Outdoor Education, 8, 29-36.

Bouw, E. (2015). Drivers for policy change: The common agricultural policy reform in the European Union. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283727918_Drivers_for_Policy_Change_-_The_Common_Agricultural_Policy_reform_in_the_European_Union

Brunner, S. (2008). Understanding policy change: Multiple streams and emissions trading in Germany. Global Environmental Change, 18, 501-507.

Cairney, P., & Jones, M. D. (2016). Kingdon’s multiple streams approach: What is the empirical impact of this universal theory? Policy Studies Journal, 44 (1), 37-58.

Chow, A. (2014). Understanding policy change: Multiple streams and national education curriculum policy in Hong Kong. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 4(2), 49-64.

Coetzee, M., & Bester, S. (2009). The possible value of a gap year: A case study. South African Journal of Higher Education, 23(3), 608-623.

Cohen, M. D., March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (1972). A garbage can model of organizational choice. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17(1), 1-25.

Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Heath, S. (2007). Widening the gap: Pre-university gap years and the ‘economy of experience’. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 28(1), 89-103.

Jones, A. (2004). Review of gap year provision. London, UK: Department for Education and Skills.

Jones, M. D., Peterson, H. L., Pierce, J. J., Herweg, N., Bernal,A., Raney, H. L., & Zahariadis, N. (2016). A river runs through it: A multiple streams meta-review. The Policy Studies Journal, 44(1), 13-36.

King, A. (2011). Minding the gap? Young people’s accounts of taking a Gap Year as a form of identity work in higher education. Journal of Youth Studies, 14(3), 341-357.

Kingdon, J. W. (1984). Agendas, alternatives and publics policies (1st ed.). Boston, MA:Little, Brown & Co.

Kingdon, J. W. (1995). Agendas, alternatives and publics policies (2nd ed.). New York,NY: Harper Collins.

Liu, J., & Sakamoto, A. (2002). The role of schooling in Taiwan’s labor market: Human capital, screening, or credentialism. Taiwanese Journal of Sociology, 29, 1-56.

Lyons, K., Hanley, J., Wearing, S., & Neil, J. (2012). Gap year volunteer tourism: Myths of global citizenship? Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 361-378.

Martin, A. J. (2010). Should students have a gap year? Motivation and performance factors relevant to time out after completing school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(3), 561.

Mu, R. (2018). Coupling of problems, political attention, policies and institutional conditions: Explaining the performance of environmental targets in the national five-year plans in China. Sustainability, 10(5), 1477.

O’shea, J. (2011). Delaying the academy: A gap year education. Teaching in Higher Education, 16(5), 565-577.

Pan, H. L., & Yu, C. (1999). Educational reforms and their impacts on school effectiveness and improvement in Taiwan, R.O.C. School Effectiveness and Improvement, 10(1), 72-85.

Simpson, K. (2005). Dropping out or signing up? The professionalisation of youth travel. Antipode, 37, 447-469.

Sin, H. L. (2009). Volunteer tourism-“involve me and I will learn”? Annals of Tourism Research, 36(3), 480-501.